All publicity may not be good publicity after all, the long-term care (LTC) insurance industry discovered last month.
The industry named November “National Long-Term Care Insurance Month” in hopes of raising awareness of the “need” for the product. However, the bulk of the month’s press highlighted LTC’s drawbacks as it focused on the woes of two key insurers, MetLife and John Hancock.
In early November, MetLife announced that it will stop selling LTC insurance as of Dec. 30. Although it will continue to provide coverage for current policy holders, it will no longer write new policies. It will also discontinue new enrollments in group policies and multi-life plans starting next year.
Meanwhile, John Hancock asked state regulators for an average rate increase of 40 percent on most of its existing policies. The insurer also plans to raise the price of new policies by 24 percent in 2011. John Hancock has stopped selling policies to employers that offer the coverage as an employee benefit but, unlike MetLife, it will continue to sell individual policies, so long as it can find anyone willing to pay its new rates.
There was no single event in November that crumbled MetLife and John Hancock’s LTC business. These two announcements were just the latest signs of the slow decay of the LTC insurance industry as a whole. The problem is not the economy, or any other environmental factor; it is that selling LTC insurance is an unprofitable venture.
The purpose of insurance is to spread the cost of a highly unlikely and catastrophic (read costly) event across a group of people. Instead of risking a potentially large loss, the insured takes a small, known loss in the form of a premium. The key is that the event must be unlikely. If it is too common, affordable premiums will not be able to cover the cost of the claims and still leave a profit for the insurer.
As any insurance salesperson would confirm, as we age our likelihood of needing long-term care approaches certainty. The risk no longer fits the “unlikely” category, and insurance becomes an inefficient and inappropriate solution.
As claims increase, the insurer passes the cost on to the policyholders in the form of higher premiums. Increasing premiums is only a temporary patch, however. Once premiums go up, those who are at lower risk abandon their costly policies. This leaves an even higher risk pool to share the costs, exacerbating the funding problems.
Persistently low interest rates expedited the industry’s current deterioration. Insurers have been unable to earn sufficient rates on their investment portfolios to fund policy payouts, and therefore have had to rely even more on premiums. According to the American Association for Long Term Care Insurance, insurers need to increase premiums 10 to 15 percent to make up for each 1 percent drop in interest rates. It is unlikely that interest rates will rise enough in the near future to ease the stress on insurers.
MetLife vows that its current long-term care policy holders will not be affected by the recent decision. They will still be covered as long as they pay their premiums and they may even be able to change their coverage terms, depending on what their particular policies permit. However, it is unlikely that those currently insured will be entirely unscathed. Without a younger, healthier group of insured individuals entering the pool, it will be difficult for MetLife to find the cash to cover its claims. As a result, the company will most likely have to raise premiums on its remaining long-term care policies to cover its costs.
In its press release, MetLife acknowledged that LTC insurance in its current form cannot balance financing claims with its business goals. That is, the business is unprofitable. However, MetLife suggested that it may return to the market if a profitable product is ever developed.
That profitable product might take the form of a hybrid policy, one that combines an annuity or life insurance contract with a traditional LTC policy. Several insurers are already beginning to offer policies of this sort. Hybrids are more likely to attract lower-risk customers because, even if a policyholder never needs long-term care, he or she still gets a guaranteed payout. This makes the business more likely to be profitable and sustainable.
While hybrid policies are more promising than traditional LTC insurance, I am hesitant to recommend them. The health care industry is too dynamic to be easily predictable, and these are still relatively new, untested products.
We all face a number of potential expenses that we may or may not incur in our old age. We might need to help support children or grandchildren; we might need to renovate a house that is also aging; or we might be unable to resist buying a vacation home on the beach. We might just live very long and healthy lives and need to provide for our own support.
There is no reason to treat the possibility of needing long-term care any differently from these other possible expenses. In all these cases, one should recognize the need for funds and save and invest appropriately throughout one’s lifetime. Relying on a flawed insurance product is not going to help.
December 20, 2010 - 10:32 am
There may be great concern for the cost of long term care insurance going up in premium over time. But my parents bought a policy from CNA in 1989 and it is paying all but $50 a month of my Mom’s monthly cost in an Alzheimer’s facility 21 years later and it will for 3 more years (4 year plan). The premium went up once during that 21 year period. It has been a great benefit to my parents even though the premiums went up. They could not have afforded the cost of her care on their own for very long. The facility is 5 minutes from my Dad’s house. If the state paid she would be required to go to the closest state paid facility and it is 45 minutes from my Dad’s home. He is 82 and can’t drive that far. The long term care policy is a lifesaver to them. 70% of people in nursing homes are on state aid, they spent all their money first. Your article discourages people from buying LTC policies that would give them a variety of choices of care that they will NOT have with state aid. Pay it to the LTC company for a policy and have choices like staying home as long as possible or pay it to the nursing home until they run out of money and have no choice of care if it gets to that point. What a shame if people just listen to your thoughts.
December 20, 2010 - 12:43 pm
Are you serious? You acknowledge the increasing risk of long term care and the ever-escalating costs, but can’t recommend coverage because you don’t think the policies are perfect? My mother is a retired nursing home administrator and she would tell you that the “perfect” policy is the one that’s in place at time of need. The need is now. You do a great disservice to many with this message.
December 21, 2010 - 10:57 am
My colleagues and I often find, when we write about long-term care insurance, that the quickest (and sometimes harshest) responses come from people in the business of selling LTC policies. This appears to be the case with the first two responses to Anna’s post. Though neither writer identified himself or herself as being in the business, a Google search shows one person by the same name engaged in insurance sales in California. The return email address (which we do not publish) of the other correspondent was for an LTC-related domain.
This does not invalidate the writers’ opinions, and we continue to welcome views that dissent (with reasonable politeness) from our own. We hope contrasting viewpoints make our commentaries more useful to nonprofessional readers. We also recognize that many people who sell financial products have a good-faith belief that those products are worthwhile, even when we disagree. Just because someone sells a product does not mean that person has bad motives for defending it. Ideally, we all believe strongly in the work we do.
But Anna and I come out on the same side on this issue. Anna did not create the facts she sets forth in her column. Insurance companies are discovering — not for the first time, and I’m sure not for the last — that they have chronically underpriced their LTC products. Because the companies are not in business to lose money, they must either drop the service line or raise prices. There surely are people who are benefitting today from (underpriced) policies they bought years ago. But many other people have dropped policies when premiums were raised. As Anna notes, more will certainly do so in the future. A policy that gets dropped because of spiraling costs can never provide a benefit.
Anna is not advocating “perfect” LTC products. She points out that the products never have made economic sense, and in a world where most aging people will need some sort of care, never will. Insurance works only when risk can be spread among a large population. It makes no sense to criticize Anna for pointing this out. It is wishful thinking, at best, to encourage people to buy an insurance product that the insurance companies themselves are acknowledging is uneconomic.